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Skip to content Home » Verso la digitalizzazione delle infrastrutture energetiche L’Agenzia Internazionale dell’Energia (IEA) ha lanciato un progetto che prevede digitalizzazione e tecnologie innovative per le infrastrutture energetiche. L’obiettivo è aumentare la resilienza e la flessibilità, favorendo la decarbonizzazione e quindi le energie rinnovabili. In questo modo, si va verso un’economia sostenibile che avrà buone possibilità di crescita e sviluppo.
Il progetto per la digitalizzazione delle infrastrutture energetiche Il Gruppo Consultivo del progetto dell’IEA è composto da esponenti dei Ministeri degli Affari Esteri, dello Sviluppo Economico e dell’Ambiente. A questi si aggiungono ricercatori dell’ENEA, università, istituti di ricerca e industrie del settore energetico. I temi da affrontare sono la digitalizzazione delle infrastrutture energetiche, l’evoluzione delle tecnologie e business innovativi per incentivare gli investimenti.
Nella prima riunione, il 15 dicembre 2020, si è discusso del rapporto tra reti elettriche digitali e domanda energetica. Il Gruppo Consultivo è stato suddiviso in 4 sottogruppi: tecnologia, policy e regolamentazione, sviluppo del mercato, finanza. Ciascun gruppo svilupperà il progetto in ogni sua fase, dalla consulenza tecnico-scientifica alla pubblicazione dei risultati ottenuti. Analizzando tali studi, IEA realizzerà linee guida per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi previsti e per adattarli a diversi contesti economici.
Digitalizzazione ed energia Il progetto dell’IEA sulla digitalizzazione delle infrastrutture energetiche parte dall’analisi dell’impatto delle tecnologie digitali nella domanda energetica. I fornitori di energia potranno utilizzare strumenti digitali per rendere più efficienti le operazioni ed aumentare l’interconnessione del sistema energetico . Le nuove tecnologie stanno portando vantaggi a tutti i settori e gli usi finali. Lo dimostrano gli investimenti nelle tecnologie digitali che sono aumentati notevolmente negli ultimi anni. Ad esempio, gli investimenti globali nelle infrastrutture digitali nel settore elettrico sono aumentati raggiungendo i 47 miliardi di USD nel 2016. In futuro i sistemi energetici digitali saranno in grado di fornire energia al momento giusto e con costi contenuti.
Le infrastrutture energetiche digitali Nel settore energetico sono molti gli esempi di tecnologie digitali utilizzate, alcune già consolidate e altre in fase di crescita . Nel settore industriale vengono utilizzati processi automatici per minimizzare i consumi e massimizzare l’efficienza. Nei trasporti, le tecnologie digitali hanno permesso lo sviluppo di sensori per la pianificazione del percorso per navi e aerei.
Anche nel settore elettrico il digitale potrà aumentare l’efficienza attraverso il monitoraggio a distanza. Potranno essere ridotti tempi e costi di manutenzione e quindi anche il costo dell’elettricità per le utenze finali. Si stima che entro il 2040 si avrà un risparmio per aziende e consumatori di 20 miliardi di dollari all’anno . La digitalizzazione contribuirà infine a integrare le rinnovabili consentendo alle reti di adattare la loro disponibilità alla domanda energetica.
enea.it Digitalizzazione infrastrutture: i vantaggi Aumentando le interconnessioni tra apparecchiature e sistemi energetici, la digitalizzazione migliora l’efficienza delle infrastrutture. Grazie a soluzioni tecnologiche avanzate si possono ottimizzare i consumi in modo preciso e in tempo reale . Ad esempio, un sensore di movimento può regolare i sistemi di illuminazione e riscaldamento di un edificio a seconda dell’occupazione. Ci sono poi conseguenze sulla tutela dell’ambiente: saranno potenziati satelliti e sistemi di monitoraggio per l’inquinamento . Anche operazioni come la cattura e lo stoccaggio della CO2 potranno trarre benefici dalla digitalizzazione, attraverso l’ottimizzazione dei processi.
La digitalizzazione rende anche semplice e rapido l’accesso a dati statistici di qualsiasi tipo. Ad esempio quelli sui consumi elettrici, ma anche audit energetici o informazioni sul patrimonio edilizio. Il cambiamento è possibile se i responsabili politici si impegnano a comprendere i possibili impatti per minimizzarne i rischi . Per questo l’IEA ha stilato una lista di dieci azioni che i governi possono intraprendere.
Gli svantaggi L’IEA promuove la digitalizzazione delle infrastrutture, ma mette anche in luce alcuni possibili rischi. I sistemi energetici infatti potranno essere più esposti agli attacchi informatici, che stanno diventando più facili ed economici da realizzare . Per questo la resilienza digitale deve rientrare tra gli obiettivi del Gruppo Consultivo. Anche la privacy dei dati è importante, perché i dati vengono raccolti da un numero crescente di dispositivi connessi.
Un altro aspetto incerto è l’impatto della digitalizzazione sui posti di lavoro nel sistema energetico . I responsabili politici nel settore energetico dovrebbero quindi deliberare su questi effetti e su come reagire a tali cambiamenti. A queste sfide si aggiunge la complessità dei sistemi energetici, spesso basati su infrastrutture di grandi dimensioni e lunga durata.
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